RESUMO
Seed storage through the reduction of its water content is an important strategy for the conservation of many plant species, but some, such as the jenipapo, are susceptible to desiccation, which may lead to loss of viability and even death, in case its water content is reduced to a critical level. The aim of this work was to evaluate the interference of different packaging conditions in the conservation of the physiological potential of jenipapo seeds stored for 105 days. Specifically, this research sought to analyze the feasibility of the use of vacuum conditions and the coating of the seed with biofilm. The evaluated treatments were: storage in paper bag, plastic bag, plastic with vacuum, plastic with seeds coated with biofilm and plastic with seeds with biofilm and vacuum condition for 15, 45, 75 and 105 days, besides the control. Seeds with biofilm were treated with cassava starch at 3% of the mass to volume ratio. The following tests were performed: water content, germination, germination speed, aerial part and root lengths, wet and dry mass of the aerial part and root. It was concluded that plastic packaging, vacuum condition and biofilm coating are not recommended for storage of jenipapo seeds. Storage in paper bags, when at 24 ºC and with 65% relative humidity for 46 days, is capable of conserving the seeds of jenipapo with germination of 60%.
O armazenamento de sementes por meio da redução do seu teor de água é uma importante estratégia para a conservação de muitas espécies vegetais, porém, algumas, como o jenipapeiro, são sensíveis à dessecação, podendo haver a perda da sua viabilidade, e até a morte, caso o seu teor de água seja reduzido a um nível considerado crítico. Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi avaliar a interferência de diferentes condições de embalagens na conservação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de jenipapo armazenadas por 105 dias. De forma específica, buscou-se analisar a viabilidade do uso de condições de vácuo e do revestimento da semente com biofilme. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: armazenamento em saco de papel, saco plástico, plástico com vácuo, plástico com sementes revestidas com biofilme e plástico com sementes com biofilme e condição de vácuo por 15, 45, 75 e 105 dias, além da testemunha. As sementes com biofilme receberam tratamento com fécula de mandioca a 3% da relação massa por volume. Os seguintes testes foram realizados: teor de água, germinação, velocidade de germinação, comprimento da parte aérea e radicular, massa úmida e seca da parte aérea e da raiz. Concluiu-se que a embalagem plástica, a condição de vácuo e o revestimento com biofilme não são recomendados para o armazenamento de sementes de jenipapo. O armazenamento em saco de papel quando realizado em ambiente com 24 ºC e 65% de umidade relativa do ar durante 46 dias é capaz de conservar as sementes de jenipapo com germinação de 60%.
Assuntos
Sementes/fisiologia , Germinação , RubiaceaeRESUMO
RESUMO A caracterização do aporte de sedimentos em bacias hidrográficas representa uma importante ferramenta para subsidiar projetos de conservação do solo e de manejo de bacias hidrográficas. Assim, neste trabalho realizou-se uma análise temporal e espacial do aporte de sedimentos em bacia hidrográfica agrícola afluente do Ribeirão Santa Rita, situada em Fernandópolis, São Paulo, por meio de simulação com o uso de geoprocessamento. Para isto, realizou-se a simulação do aporte de sedimentos pelo método da equação universal de perda de solo modificada para bacias, no período de outubro de 2012 a setembro de 2013. Verificou-se um aporte total de sedimentos de 433,87 t no período avaliado, resultando em uma perda média de solo de 3,635 t.ha-1.ano-1. O período de maior aporte de sedimentos foi de dezembro de 2012 a março de 2013, quando foram produzidos 65,1% do total de sedimentos do período avaliado. No mês mais crítico, fevereiro de 2013, cerca de 15% da área total da bacia apresentou aportes de sedimentos variando de 2 a 15 t.ha-1.ano-1. A cultura da cana-de-açúcar foi a que mais contribuiu com os aportes de sedimentos, sendo responsável por 92% do total e com média de 6,343 t.ha-1.ano-1.
ABSTRACT The characterization of sediment input in watersheds is an important tool for projects that support soil conservation and watershed management. A spatial and temporal analysis of the sediment input in an agricultural watershed tributary of Santa Rita River was performed by means of a geoprocessing simulation in the municipality of Fernandópolis, São Paulo, Brazil. In order to accomplish this, there was a simulation of sediment delivery using the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) method for basins, from October 2012 to September 2013. There was a total of 433.87 t of sediments contributed in the period evaluated, resulting in an average soil loss of 3,635 t.ha-1.yr-1. The period with the greatest amount of sediment input was from December 2012 to March 2013. 65.1% of all the sediments were produced at that time. In the most critical month of sediment input, February 2013, about 15% of the total basin area showed sediment contributions ranging from 2 to 15 t.ha-1.yr-1. Sugarcane contributed the most sediment, accounting for 92% of the total, and an average of 6,343 t.ha-1.yr-1.
RESUMO
The present work evaluated the effects of LED light irradiation on the healing of the navels of neonatal dairy calves. Fifty-seven neonatal calves were divided into two groups. Animals had their umbilical stumps immersed in 10% iodine tincture for 60 s, and this process was repeated every 24 h for three consecutive days. The 29 animals in the first group did not receive LED therapy. The 28 animals in the second group received LED light irradiation at 640 nm with 300 mW power, 46.8 J/cm2 energy density, 60 s irradiation time, and 0.385 cm2 spot size. The animals were irradiated at four points (46.8 J/cm2 per point) evenly distributed around the insertion site of the umbilical stump every 24 h for three consecutive days. Irradiation with LED light was applied before the umbilical stumps were immersed in the iodine solution. The time after birth at which the umbilical stump fell off of each calf was noted. The umbilical stumps of all animals fell off by the 25th day of age. After the umbilical stump fell off, the healing of the remnant wound was followed up to the 30th day after birth. The area of the wound was measured on the 15th, 20th, and 25th day after birth using digital photographs and computer-assisted area measurements. A two-tailed unpaired t test was applied to analyze the falling off the umbilical stump, whereas a Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA test with a Dunn's multiple comparison test was used for the wound size evolution. GraphPad Prisma 5.0® and GraphPad StatMate 2.00® were used for the statistical analysis. The results revealed that phototherapy hastened the falling off the umbilical stump, accelerated navel healing, and reduced the mortality rate in newborn calves. Therefore, this study introduced a preventive and adjuvant after birth treatment that proved to be effective in reducing the incidences of omphalitis and newborn mortality.
